Ruben Cobos, recorder, Undated

Dr. Nancy Gonzales, Professor, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, Professor of Sociology and Anthropology, begins at 00:02 and ends at 45:03, lecture on the Penitentes of New Mexico, good recording, definition, distribution of cofradias, name of organization, characteristics of the society, membership, how to become a Penitente, cofrade, mutualista, mutual aid society, paraphanelia, equipment, performances, misunderstanding by Anglo Americans, penance then and now, origins of penance rites, moradas, etc., Third Order of St. Francis, Franciscans, politics and Penitentes, developments in the nineteenth century, history, Mexican era 1821-1846, depravation, loss of culture, Penitente reaction, books on Penitentes, Dorothy Woodward, Myra Ellen Jenkins, Fray Angelico Chavez, Las Vegas flats, Southern Colorado, South of Albuquerque, old Mexico, membership is limited to Spanish speakers only, Los hermanos penitentes, Padre Jesus el Nazarino, hermanos de luz o de sangre, you must petition to become a memeber, code of behavior for members, fiestas of the Catholic calendar, rituals, at the time of the passion play they crucified members for penance, atonement, cult, Bishop of Durango, Mexico, evidence that the group in 1833 did exist in Santa Cruz, New Mexico, condemned by the Church, stems from European Christianity, women participated in the group through husbands, fathers, brothers, etc., rural Spanish American villages, Penitentes became important in state politics in New Mexico, the Penitentes were Catholic in tradition and at heart, they were opposed and shunned by the Protestants). Tape ends with anonymous music recording, probably commercial.